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A healthy gut microbiome relies on richness and diversity of the bacteria present. Having a wider array of microbes in the gut creates a healthier and more resilient environment, whereas symptoms of an unhealthy gut tend to present themselves when a lack of diversity and balance exists. Research shows that while genetics are a factor, diet has emerged as having substantially more of an impact on the inner workings of your gut, so what you eat truly matters.
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Most nutrients, including fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, are absorbed in the small intestine. However, nutrients that are partially digested or undigested, such as resistant starches, fiber, and some protein, can make their way to the colon. Most of the microbiome resides in the colon, so nutrients that reach the colon become a food source for the bacteria. Nondigestible carbohydrates and some undigested protein are fermented in the colon, yielding gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, and short-chain fatty acids.